Regulation

(As amended up to 11th May, 2001)

THE NATIONAL HOUSING BANK ACT, 1987

No. 53 of 1987

[23rd December, 1987.]

An Act to establish a bank to be known as the National Housing bank to operate as a principal agency to promote housing finance institutions both at local and regional levels and to provide financial and other support to such institutions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Be it enacted by Parliament in the Thirty-eighth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-



CHAPTER I
Preliminary

 
1.
(1) This Act may be called the National Housing Bank Act, 1987.

(2)
It extends to the whole of India.

(3)
It shall come into force on such date1 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint, and different dates may be appointed for different provisions of this Act and any reference in any provision to the commencement of this Act shall be construed as a reference to the coming into force of that provision.
Short title, extent and commencement
 
2.
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-
    (a) "Board" means the Board of Directors of the National Housing Bank referred to in section 6;

    (b)
    "Chairman" means the Chairman of the Board appointed under section 6;

    (c)
    "director" means a director appointed under section 6;

    (d)
    "housing finance institution" includes every institution, whether incorporated or not, which primarily transacts or has as 2[one of its principal objects], the transacting of the business of providing finance for housing, whether directly or indirectly; 

    (e)
    "Managing Director" means the Managing Director appointed under section 6; 

    (f)
    "National Housing Bank" means the National Housing Bank established under section 3; 

    (g)
    "notification" means a notification published in the Official Gazette; 

    (h)
    "prescribed" means prescribed by regulations made under this Act; 

    (i)
    " Reserve Bank" means the Reserve Bank of India constituted under section 3 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934; 

    (j)
    words and expressions used herein and not defined but defined in the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in that Act;

    (k)
    words and expressions used herein and not defined either in this Act or in the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, but defined in the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Definitions.
 
2 of 1934
2 of 1934
2 of 1934

10 of 1949

1All the provisions of the Act except Chapter V and sub-section (3) of section 49 were brought into force on 9th July, 1988 See Notification No. S.O. 684(E) dated 9th July,1988,Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Pt. II, Sec. 3(ii) and provisions of Chapter V and sub-section (3) of section 49 were brought into force on 1st June, 1989 See Notification No. S.O. 394(E) dated 1st June, 1989, Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Pt. II, Sec. 3(ii).

2 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for "its principal object".

CHAPTER II
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL HOUSING BANK AND CAPITAL THEREOF

Establishment and incorporation of National Housing Bank.
3.
(1) With effect from such date1 as the Central Government may, by notification, appoint, there shall be established for the purposes of this Act, a bank to be known as the National Housing Bank.

(2)
The National Housing Bank shall be a body corporate with the name aforesaid having perpetual succession and a common seal with power, subject to the provisions of this Act, to acquire, hold and dispose of property and to contract, and may, by that name, sue and be sued.

(3)
The head office of the National Housing Bank shall be at Bombay or at such other place as the Reserve Bank may, by notification, specify.

(4)
The National Housing Bank may establish offices, branches or agencies at any place in India, and with the previous approval of the Reserve Bank, at any place outside India.
 
Capital.
24.
(1) The authorised and paid up capital of the National Housing Bank shall be three hundred and fifty crores of rupees:

Provided that the Central Government may, in consultation with the Reserve Bank, by notification, increase the authorised capital up to two thousand crores of rupees.

(2) The Board may, on such terms and conditions, as determined by it from time to time, issue the increased authorised capital to Reserve Bank, the Central Government, scheduled banks, public financial institutions, housing finance institutions or such other institutions, as may be approved by the Central Government:

Provided that no increase in the issued capital shall be made in such manner that the Reserve Bank, the Central Government, public sector banks, public financial institutions or other institutions owned or controlled by the Central Government, hold in aggregate at any time, less than fifty one per cent. of the issued capital of the National Housing Bank.]

 

1 The National Housing Bank was established on 9th July, 1988 See Notification No. S.O. 685(E) dated 9th July,1988, Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Pt. II, Sec. 3(ii).

2 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 3 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for -

"4. The authorised and paid up capital of the National Housing Bank shall be one hundred crores of rupees and shall be subscribed by the Reserve Bank:

Provided that the Central Government may, in consultation with the Reserve Bank, by notification, increase the said capital up to five hundred crores of rupees and the capital so increased shall also be subscribed by the Reserve Bank."

CHAPTER III
MANAGEMENT OF THE NATIONAL HOUSING BANK

 
5.

(1) The general superintendence, direction and management of the affairs and business of the National Housing Bank shall vest in the Board of Directors, which shall exercise all powers and do all acts and things, which may be exercised or done by the National Housing Bank.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board, in discharging its functions, shall act on business principles with due regard to public interest.

(3) Subject to the provisions of sub section (1) and save as otherwise provided in the regulations made under this Act, -

    1[(a) the Chairman, if he is a whole-time director or if he is holding offices both as the Chairman and the Managing Director, or

    (b) the Managing Director, if the Chairman is not a whole-time director, or if the Chairman being a whole-time director, is absent,]shall also have powers of general superintendence, direction and management of the affairs and business of the National Housing Bank and may also exercise all powers and do all acts and things which may be exercised or done by the National Housing Bank and shall act on business principles with due regard to public interest.

(4) The Managing Director shall, in the discharge of his powers and functions, follow such directions as the Chairman may give.

(5) In the discharge of its functions under this Act, the National Housing Bank shall be guided by such directions in matters of policy involving public interest as the Central Government, in consultation with the Reserve Bank, or the Reserve Bank, may give in writing.
Management
 
6.

(1)The Board of Directors of the National Housing Bank shall consist of the following, namely:-

    (a) a Chairman and a Managing Director:

    Provided that the same person may be appointed as Chairman and Managing Director;

    (b) 2[two directors] from amongst the experts in the field of housing, architecture, engineering, sociology, finance, law, management and corporate planning or in any other field, special knowledge of which is considered useful to the National Housing Bank;

    3[(c) two directors, who shall be persons with experience in the working of institutions involved in providing funds for housing or engaged in housing development or have experience in the working of financial institutions or scheduled banks;

    (ca) two directors elected in such manner as may be prescribed by shareholders other than the Reserve Bank, the Central Government and other institutions owned or controlled by the Central Government;]

    (d) two directors from out of the directors of the Reserve Bank;

    (e) three directors from amongst the officials of the Central Government;

    (f) two directors from amongst the officials of the State Government.

(2) The Chairman, the Managing Director and other directors 4[excluding the directors referred to in clauses (ca) and (d)], shall be appointed by the Central Government in consultation with the Reserve Bank and directors referred to in clause (d) shall be nominated by the Reserve Bank.

Board of Directors

1 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 4 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for -

"(a) the Chairman, if he is holding offices both as the Chairman and the Managing Director, or

(b) the Managing Director, if the Chairman is absent,".

2 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 5 (a)(i) (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for "three directors".

3 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 5 (a)(ii) (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for -
    "(c) three directors, who shall be persons with experience in the working of institutions involved in providing funds for housing or engaged in housing development;".
4 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 5 (b) (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for "excluding the directors referred to in clause (d)".

Term of office of Chairman, Managing Director and other directors, service conditions, etc.
7.

(1) The Chairman and the Managing Director shall hold office for such term, not exceeding five years and shall receive such salary and allowances and be governed by such terms and conditions of service as the Central Government may, in consultation with the Reserve Bank, specify and shall be eligible for re-appointment:

    Provided that the Chairman or, as the case may be, the Managing Director shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.

(2) The directors referred to in 2[clauses (b), (c) and (ca)] of sub-section (1) of section 6 shall hold office for a term of three years:

    Provided that any such director shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.

(3) The Central Government may, in consultation with the Reserve Bank, remove the Chairman or the Managing Director, or any other director referred to in sub-section (2), at any time before the expiry of his term of office after giving him a reasonable opportunity of showing cause against the proposed removal.

(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) and (3), the Central Government, in consultation with the Reserve Bank, shall have the right to terminate the term of office of the Chairman or, as the case may be, the Managing Director, at any time before the expiry of the term specified under sub-section (1), by giving him notice of not less than three months in writing or three months' salary and allowances in lieu thereof and the Chairman or the Managing Director, as the case may be, shall also have the right to relinquish his office at any time before the expiry of the term specified under sub-section (1), by giving to the Central Government notice of not less than three months in writing or three months' salary and allowances in lieu thereof.

(5) The directors shall be paid such fees and allowances as may be prescribed for attending the meetings of the Board or of any of its committees and for attending to any other work of the National Housing Bank:

    Provided that no such fee shall be payable to any director, who is an official of the Government or a director of the Reserve Bank.
 
Disqualifications
8.

No person shall be a director of the Board, if he-

    (a) is, or becomes of unsound mind and has been so declared by a competent court; or

    (b) is or has been convicted of any offence which, in the opinion of the Central Government, involves moral turpitude; or

    (c) is, or at any time has been, adjudicated as insolvent or has suspended payment of his debts or has compounded with his creditors; or

    (d) has, for any reason, been removed or dismissed from the service of -

      (i) the Government, or

      (ii) the Reserve Bank, the State Bank or any other bank, or

      (iii) any public financial institution, or state financial corporation,or

      (iv) any other corporation owned or controlled by the Government.
 

2 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 6 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for "clause (b) and (c)".
 
9.

(1) If a director -

    (a) becomes subject to any of the disqualifications mentioned in section 8; or

    (b) is absent without leave of the Board for three or more consecutive meetings thereof, his seat shall thereupon become vacant.

(2) Any director may resign his office by giving notice thereof in writing to the authority that appointed or, as the case may be, nominated him and on his resignation being accepted by such authority or if his resignation is not sooner accepted, on the expiry of three months from the receipt thereof by such appointing authority, he shall be deemed to have vacated his office.
Vacation and resignation of office by directors.
 
10.

If the Chairman, or as the case may be, the Managing Director, is by infirmity or otherwise rendered incapable of carrying out his duties or is absent on leave or otherwise, in circumstances not involving the vacation of his appointment, the Central Government may, appoint another person to act in his place during his absence.

Casual vacancy in the office of Chairman or Managing Director
 
11.
(1) The Board shall meet at such times and places and shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings, as may be prescribed. 

(2)
The Chairman, or, if for any reasons he is unable to attend a meeting of the Board, the Managing Director, or, in the event of both the Chairman and the Managing Director being unable to attend a meeting, any other director nominated by the Chairman in this behalf and in the absence of such nomination, any director elected by the directors present from among themselves at the meeting, shall preside at the meeting. 

(3)
All questions which come up before any meeting of the Board shall be decided by a majority of votes of the directors present and voting, and in the event of any equality of votes, the Chairman, or, in his absence, the person presiding, shall have a second or casting vote.
Meetings of Board
 
12.
(1) The Board may constitute an Executive Committee consisting of such number of directors as may be prescribed.

(2) The Executive Committee shall discharge such functions as may be prescribed, or, as may be delegated to it, by the Board. 

(3)
The Board may constitute such other committees, whether consisting wholly of directors or wholly of other persons or partly of directors and partly of other persons as it thinks fit for such purposes, as it may decide and any committee so constituted shall discharge such functions as may be delegated to it by the Board. 

(4)
The Executive Committee or any other committee constituted under this section shall meet at such times and places and shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to transaction of business at its meetings, as may be prescribed.
Executive committee and other committees.
 
13.
Any director of the Board or any member of a committee, who has any direct or indirect pecuniary interest in any matter coming up for consideration at a meeting of the Board or a committee thereof, shall, as soon as possible after relevant circumstances have come to his knowledge, disclose the nature of his interest at such meeting and the disclosure shall be recorded in the minutes of the Board, or the committee, as the case may be, and the director or member shall not take any part in any deliberation or decision of the Board or the committee with respect to that matter.

Director of Board or member of committee thereof not to participate in meetings in certain cases.
CHAPTER IV
BUSINESS OF THE NATIONAL HOUSING BANK

 
14.
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the National Housing Bank may transact all or any of the following kinds of business, namely:- 

(a)
promoting, establishing, supporting or aiding in the promotion, establishment and support of housing finance institutions; 

1[
(b) making of loans and advances or rendering any other form of financial assistance whatsoever for housing activities to housing finance institutions, scheduled banks, state co-operative agricultural and rural development banks or any other institution or class of institutions as may be notified by the Central Government; 
    (ba) making of loans and advances for housing or residential township-cum-housing development or slum clearance projects;] 
(c) subscribing to or purchasing stocks, shares, bonds, debentures and securities of every other description; 

(d)
guaranteeing the financial obligations of housing finance institutions and underwriting the issue of stocks, shares, bonds, debentures and securities of every other description of housing finance institutions; 

(e)
drawing, accepting, discounting or rediscounting, buying or selling and dealing in bills of exchange, promissory notes, bonds, debentures, hundies, coupons and other instruments by whatever name called; 
    2[(ea) buying, selling or otherwise dealing in any loans or advances secured by mortgage or charge of the immovable property relating to scheduled banks or housing finance institutions; 

    (eb)
    creating one or more trusts and transferring loans or advances together with or without securities therefor to such trusts for consideration; 

    (ec)
    setting aside loans or advances held by the National Housing Bank and issuing and selling securities based upon such loans or advances so set aside in the form of debt obligations, trust certificates of beneficial interest or other instruments, by whatever name called, and to act as trustee for the holders of such securities; 

    (ed)
    setting up of one or more mutual funds for undertaking housing finance activities; 

    (ee)
    undertaking or participating in housing mortgage insurance;] 

3[(f) promoting, forming, conducting or associating in the promotion, formation or conduct of companies, mortgage banks, subsidiaries, societies, trusts or such other association of persons as it may deem fit for carrying out all or any of its functions under this Act;] 

(g)
undertaking research and surveys on construction techniques and other studies relating to or connected with shelter, housing and human settlement; 

(h)
formulating one or more schemes for the purpose of mobilisation of resources and extension of credit for housing; 
    4[(hh) formulating a scheme for the purpose of accepting deposits referred to in clause (a) of section 2 of the Voluntary Deposits (Immunities and Exemptions) Act, 1991 and crediting forty per cent. of the amount of such deposits to a special fund created under section 37;] 
(i) formulating one or more schemes for the economically weaker sections of society which may be subsidised by the Central Government or any State Government or any other source; 

(j)
organising training programmes, seminars and symposia on matters relating to housing

(k) providing guidelines to the housing finance institutions to ensure their growth on sound lines;

(l) providing technical and administrative assistance to housing finance institutions;

(m) co-ordinating with the Life Insurance Corporation of India, the Unit Trust of India, the General Insurance Corporation of India and other financial institutions, in the discharge of its overall functions;

(n) exercising all powers and functions in the performance of duties entrusted to the National Housing Bank under this Act or under any other law for the time being in force;

(o) acting as agent of the Central Government, the State Government or the Reserve Bank or of any authority as may be authorised by the Reserve Bank;

(p) any other kind of business which the Central Government may, on the recommendation of the Reserve Bank, authorise;

(q) generally, doing of all such matters and things as may be incidental to or consequential upon the exercise of its powers or the discharge of its duties under this Act.
Business of the National Housing Bank.

1 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 7 (i) (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for -

"(b) making of loans and advances or rendering any other form of financial assistance whatsoever to housing finance institutions and scheduled banks @[or to any authority established by or under any Central, State or Provincial Act and engaged in slum clearance];".

@ Inserted by Act No. 47 of 1991, sec. 5 (a) (i) (w.e.f. 20th September, 1991).

2 Inserted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 7 (ii) (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000).

3 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 7 (iii) (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for -

"(f) forming, promoting and managing subsidiaries for carrying out all or any of its functions under this Act;".

4 Inserted by Act No. 47 of 1991, sec. 5 (a) (ii) (w.e.f. 20th September, 1991).

 
15.
(1) The National Housing Bank may, for the purpose of carrying out its functions under this Act -
    (a) Issue and sell bonds and debentures with or without the guarantee of the Central Government, in such manner and on such terms as may be prescribed;

    (b) borrow money from 1[the Central Government, scheduled banks, financial institutions, mutual funds] and from any other authority or organisation or institution approved by that Government on such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon;

    (c) accept deposits repayable after the expiry of 2[such period and] on such terms as may generally or specially be approved by the Reserve Bank;

    3[Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall apply to deposits accepted under the scheme formulated by the Bank in pursuance of clause (hh) of section 14;]

    (d) borrow money from the Reserve Bank -

      4[(i) by way of loans and advances and generally obtain financial assistance in such manner or on such terms and conditions as may be specified by the Reserve Bank;]

      (ii) out of the National Housing Credit (Long Term Operations) Fund established under section 46D of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 for any of the purposes specified in that section;

    (e) receive for services rendered, such remuneration, commission, commitment charges, consultancy charges, service charges, royalties, premia, license fees and any other consideration of whatever description;

    (f) receive gifts, grants, donations or benefactions from Government or any other source.
(2) The Central Government may, on a request being made to it by the National Housing Bank, guarantee the bonds and debentures issued by the National Housing Bank as to the repayment of principal and the payment of interest at such rate as may be fixed by that Government.
Borrowings and acceptance of deposits by National Housing Bank.
2 of 1934

1. Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 8 (a) (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for "the Central Government".

2. Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 8 (b) (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for "a period which shall not be less than twelve months from the date of the making of the deposit".

3. Added by Act No. 47 of 1991, sec. 5 (b) (w.e.f. 20th September, 1991).

4. Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 8 (c) (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for-

"(i) repayable on demand or on the expiry of fixed periods not exceeding eighteen months from the date of the making of loan or advance, on such terms and conditions including the terms relating to security and purpose as may be specified by the Reserve Bank;".

Loans in foreign currency
16.
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 or in any other law for the time being in force relating to foreign exchange, the National Housing Bank may, for the purpose of making loans and advances under this Act, borrow in such manner and on such conditions as may be prescribed in consultation with the Reserve Bank and with the previous approval of the Central Government, foreign currency from any bank or financial institution in India or elsewhere.

(2) The Central Government may, where necessary, guarantee any loan taken by the National Housing Bank under sub-section (1) or any part thereof as to the repayment of principal and the payment of interest and other incidental charges.

46 of 1973
Assistance to borrower when to operate or a charge in the property offered as security.  
    1[16A. (1) Where any person or institution seeks any financial assistance from the National Housing Bank on the security of any immovable property belonging to him or to that institution or on the security of the property of some other person whose property is offered as a collateral security for such assistance, such person or institution or, as the case may be, such other person may execute a written declaration in the form set out in the Third Schedule to this Act stating therein the particulars of the immovable property which is proposed to be offered as security, or as the case may be, collateral security, for such assistance and agreeing that the dues relating to the assistance, if granted, shall be a charge on such immovable property and, if on receipt of such declaration, the National Housing Bank grants any financial assistance to the person or institution aforesaid, the dues relating to such assistance shall, without prejudice to the rights of any other creditor holding any prior charge or mortgage in respect of the immovable property so specified, be, by virtue of the provisions of this section, a charge on the property specified in the declaration aforesaid.

    (2) Where any further immovable property is offered by a person or an institution as security for the financial assistance referred to in sub-section (1), such person or institution may execute a fresh declaration, as far as may be in the form set out in the Third Schedule to this Act, whereupon the dues relating to such assistance shall, by virtue of the provisions of this section, also be a charge on the property specified in such fresh declaration.

    (3) A declaration made under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) may be varied or revoked at any time by the person or institution as

    aforesaid, with the prior approval of the National Housing Bank.

    (4) Every declaration made under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), shall be deemed to be a document registrable as an agreement under the provisions of the Registration Act, 1908 and no such declaration shall have effect unless it is so registered.
 
16 of 1908.
   
    16B. (1) Any sums received by a borrowing institution in repayment or realisation of loans and advances financed or refinanced either wholly or partly by the National Housing Bank shall, to the extent of the accommodation granted by the National Housing Bank and remaining outstanding, be deemed to have been received by the borrowing institution in trust for the National Housing Bank, and shall accordingly be paid by such institution to the National Housing Bank.

    (2) Where any accommodation has been granted by the National Housing Bank to a borrowing institution, all securities held, or which may be held, by such borrowing institution on account of any transaction in respect of which such accommodation has been granted, shall be held by such institution in trust for the National Housing Bank.]
 

1. Inserted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 9 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000).

 
17.
The rights and interest of the National Housing Bank (including any other rights incidental thereto) in relation to any loan or advance made, or any amount recoverable, by it, may be transferred by the National Housing Bank, either in whole or in part, by the execution or issue of any instrument or by the transfer of any instrument by endorsement, or in any other manner in which the rights and interests in relation to such loan or advance may be lawfully transferred, and the National Housing Bank may, notwithstanding such transfer, act as the trustee within the meaning of section 3 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882, for the transferee.
Power to transfer rights.
2 of 1882.
18.
The National Housing Bank shall have the right to acquire, by transfer or assignment, the rights and interests of any 1[institution] (including any other rights incidental thereto) in relation to any loan or advance made, or any amount recoverable by such institution, either in whole or in part, by the execution or issue of any instrument or by the transfer of any instrument or in any other manner in which the rights and interests in relation to such loan or advance may be lawfully transferred.
Power to acquire rights.
16 of 1908.  
    2[18A. Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) of section 17 of the Registration Act, 1908, -

    (a) any instrument in the form of debt obligations or trust certificate of beneficial interest or other instruments, by whatever name called, issued by the National Housing Bank to securitise the loans granted by the housing finance institutions and scheduled banks, and not creating, declaring, assigning, limiting or extinguishing any right, title or interest, to or in immovable property except in so far as it entitles the holder to an undivided interest afforded by a registered instrument, whereby the National Housing Bank has acquired the rights and interests in relation to such loans and in securities therefor; or

    (b) any transfer of such instruments referred to in clause (a), shall not require compulsory registration.
Exemption from registration.
   
    18B. Where any amount is due under an agreement to the National Housing Bank, whether acting as a trustee or otherwise, in respect of securitisation of loans of housing finance institutions and scheduled banks, the National Housing Bank may without prejudice to any other mode of recovery make an application to the State Government for the recovery of the amount due to it, and if the State Government or such authority, as that Government may specify in this behalf, is satisfied that any amount is due, it may issue a certificate for the amount to the Collector and the Collector shall proceed to recover that amount in the same manner as arrears of land revenue.]
Recovery of dues as arrears of land revenue.
 
19.
In entering into any transaction under this Chapter with any borrowing 3[institution], the National Housing Bank may impose such conditions as it may think necessary or expedient for protecting the interests of the National Housing Bank.
Power to impose conditions for accommodation
 
20.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any agreement, the National Housing Bank may, by notice in writing, require any borrowing 3[institution] to discharge forthwith in full its liabilities to the National Housing Bank -
    (a) if it appears to the Board that false or misleading information in any material particular was given in the application for the loan or advance; or

    (b) if the borrowing 3[institution] has failed to comply with any of the terms of the agreement with the National Housing Bank in the matter of the loan or advance; or

    (c)if there is a reasonable apprehension that the borrowing 3[institution] is unable to pay its debts or that proceedings for liquidation may be commenced in respect thereof; or

    (d) if for any reason, it is necessary so to do to protect the interests of the National Housing Bank.
Power to call for repayment before agreed period.

1 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 10 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for "housing finance institution".

2 Inserted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 11 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000).

3 Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for "housing finance institutions".

National Housing Bank to have access to records.
21.
(1) The National Housing Bank shall have free access to all such records of any 1[institution] which seeks to avail of any credit facilities from the National Housing Bank and to all such records of any person who seeks to avail of any credit facilities from such 1[institution], the perusal of which may appear to the National Housing Bank to be necessary in connection with the providing of finance or other assistance to such 1[institution] or the refinancing of any loan or advance made to such person by that 1[institution].

(2) The National Housing Bank may require any institution or person referred to in sub-section (1), to furnish to it copies of any of the records referred to in that sub-section and the institution or the person, as the case may be, shall be bound to comply with such requisition.
 
Validity of loan or advance not to be questioned.
22.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other law for the time being in force, the validity of any loan or advance made by the National Housing Bank in pursuance of the provisions of this Act shall not be called in question merely on the ground of non-compliance with the requirements of such other law or of any resolution, contract, or any instrument regulating the constitution of the borrowing 1[institution]:

Provided that nothing in this section shall enable any company or cooperative society to obtain any loan or advance where the instrument relating to the constitution of such company or co-operative society does not empower such company or co-operative society so to do.
 
National Housing Bank not to make loans or advances against its own bonds or debentures.
23.

The National Housing Bank shall not make any loan or advance on the security of its own bonds or debentures.

 
Power to inspect
24.
(1) The National Housing Bank may at any time and shall, on being directed so to do by the Reserve Bank, cause an inspection to be made by one or more of its officers of any 1[institution] to which the National Housing Bank has made any loan or advance or granted any other financial assistance, and its books, accounts and other documents; and the National Housing Bank shall supply to the 1[institution] a copy of its report on such inspection.

(2) It shall be the duty of every officer, employee or other person or persons in charge of the whole or part of the affairs of the 1[institution] to produce to any officer making an inspection under sub-section (1), all such books, accounts and other documents in his custody or power and to furnish within such time as the said officer may specify, any statements, information relating to the affairs of the 1[institution] as the said officer may require of him.
 
Power to collect credit information
25.
(1) The National Housing Bank may, for the purpose of the efficient discharge of its functions under this Act, at any time direct any 1[institution] to submit to it credit information in such form and within such time as may be specified by the National Housing Bank from time to time.

(2) Every 1[institution] shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law for the time being in force or in any instrument regulating the constitution thereof or in any agreement executed by it, relating to the secrecy of its dealings with its constituents, be bound to comply with any directions issued under sub-section (1).

(3) The National Housing Bank may, for the purpose of the efficient discharge of its functions under this Act, collect from the Central and State Governments, local authorities, the Reserve Bank, any bank or such financial or other institutions as the Reserve Bank may specify in this behalf, credit information or other information.

Explanation. - For the purposes of this section and section 26, credit information means any information relating to -
    (i) the amount of loans and advances and other credit facilities granted for the purpose of housing;

    (ii) the nature of security taken for such loans, advances or other credit facilities;

    (iii) the guarantees furnished; and

    (iv) any other information which has a bearing on the credit-worthiness of the borrower.
 

1.Substituted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000), for "housing finance institutions".

Explanation. - For the purposes of this section and section 26, credit information means any information relating to -
    (i) the amount of loans and advances and other credit facilities granted for the purpose of housing;

    (ii) the nature of security taken for such loans, advances or other credit facilities;

    (iii) the guarantees furnished; and

    (iv) any other information which has a bearing on the credit-worthiness of the borrower.

 
26.

The National Housing Bank, if it considers it in the public interest so to do, may publish any credit information or other information obtained by it under this Act, in such consolidated form or in any other form as it thinks fit.

Power to publish information
 
27.
The National Housing Bank may provide advisory services to the Central and State Governments, local authorities and other agencies connected with housing, in respect of -
    (a) formulation of overall policies aimed at promoting the growth of housing and housing finance institutions;

    (b) legislation relating to matters having a bearing on shelter, housing and human settlement.

Advisory services
CHAPTER V
PROVISIONS RELATING TO HOUSING FINANCE INSTITUTIONSRECEIVING DEPOSITS

2 of 1934
28.

In this Chapter the term 'deposit' shall have the meaning assigned to it in section 45I of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

Definition of deposit
 
29.

(1) The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to deposits accepted by a housing finance institution which is a firm or an unincorporated association of individuals

(2) For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the firms and unincorporated associations of individuals referred to in sub-section (1) shall continue to be governed by the provisions of Chapter IIIC of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

Chapter not to apply in certain cases.
2 of 1934
   
    1[29A. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Chapter or in any other law for the time being in force, no housing finance institution which is a company shall commence or carry on the business of a housing finance institution without -

      (a) obtaining a certificate of registration issued under this Chapter; and

      (b) having the net owned fund of twenty five lakh rupees or such other higher amount, as the National Housing Bank may, by notification, specify.

    (2) Every such housing finance institution shall make an application for registration to the National Housing Bank in such form as may be specified by the National Housing Bank:

    Provided that a housing finance institution which is a company in existence on the commencement of the National Housing Bank (Amendment) Act, 2000, shall make an application for registration to the National Housing Bank before the expiry of six months from such commencement and notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), may continue to carry on the business of housing finance institution until a certificate of registration is issued to it or rejection of application for registration is communicated to it.

    (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), a housing finance institution which is a company in existence on the commencement of the National Housing Bank (Amendment) Act, 2000, and having a net owned fund of less than twenty five lakh rupees, may, for the purpose of enabling such institution to fulfil the requirement of the net owned fund, continue to carry on the business of a housing finance institution -

      (i) for a period of three years from such commencement; or

      (ii) for such further period as the National Housing Bank may, after recording the reasons in writing for so doing, extend,

    subject to the conditions that such institution shall, within three months of fulfilling the requirement of the net owned fund, inform the National Housing Bank about such fulfilment:

    Provided that the period allowed to continue business under this sub-section shall in no case exceed six years in the aggregate.

    (4) The National Housing Bank, for the purpose of considering the application for registration, may require to be satisfied by an inspection of the books of such housing finance institution or otherwise that the following conditions are fulfilled:-

      (a) that housing finance institution is or shall be in a position to pay its present or future depositors in full as and when their claims accrue;

      (b) that the affairs of the housing finance institution are not being or are not likely to be conducted in a manner detrimental to the interest of its present or future depositors;

      (c) that the general character of the management or the proposed management of the housing finance institution shall not be prejudicial to the public interest or the interests of its depositors;

      (d) that the housing finance institution has adequate capital structure and earning prospects;

      (e) that the public interest shall be served by the grant of certificate of registration to the housing finance institution to commence or to carry on the business in India;

      (f) that the grant of certificate of registration shall not be prejudicial to the operation and growth of the housing finance sector of the country; and

      (g) any other condition, fulfilment of which in the opinion of the National Housing Bank, shall be necessary to ensure that the commencement of or carrying on the business in India by a housing finance institution shall not be prejudicial to the public interest or in the interests of the depositors.

    (5) The National Housing Bank may, after being satisfied that the conditions specified in sub-section (4) are fulfilled, grant a certificate of registration subject to such conditions which it may consider fit to impose.

    (6) the National Housing Bank may cancel a certificate of registration granted to a housing finance institution under this section if such institution-

      (i) ceases to carry on the business of a housing finance institution in India; or

      (ii) has failed to comply with any condition subject to which the certificate of registration had been issued to it; or

      (iii) at any time fails to fulfil any of the conditions referred to in clauses (a) to (g) of sub-section (4); or

      (iv) fails-

        (a) to comply with any direction issued by the National Housing Bank under the provisions of this Chapter; or

        (b) to maintain accounts in accordance with the requirement of any law or any direction or order issued by the National Housing Bank under the provisions of this Chapter; or

        (c) to submit or offer for inspection its books of account and other relevant documents when so demanded by an inspecting authority of the National Housing Bank; or

      (v) has been prohibited from accepting deposit by an order made by the National Housing Bank under the provisions of this Chapter and such order has been in force for a period of not less than three months:

      Provided that before cancelling a certificate of registration on the ground that the housing finance institution has failed to comply with the provisions of clause (ii) or has failed to fulfil any of the conditions referred to in clauses (a) to (g) of sub- section (4), the National Housing Bank, unless it is of the opinion that the delay in cancelling the certificate of registration shall be prejudicial to public interest or the interest of the depositors or the housing finance institution, shall give an opportunity to such institution on such terms as the National Housing Bank may specify for taking necessary steps to comply with such provision or fulfilment of such condition:

      Provided further that before making any order of cancellation of certificate of registration, such institution shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.

    (7) A housing finance institution aggrieved by the order or rejection of application for registration or cancellation of certificate of registration may prefer an appeal, within a period of thirty days from the date on which such order of rejection or cancellation is communicated to it, to the Central Government and the decision of the Central Government where an appeal has been preferred to it, or of the National Housing Bank where no appeal has been preferred, shall be final:

    Provided that before making any order of rejection of appeal, such institution shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.

    Explanation.- For the purposes of this section,-

    (I) "net owned fund" means-
      (a) the aggregate of the paid-up equity capital and free reserves as disclosed in the latest balance-sheet of the housing finance institution after deducting therefrom -

        (i) accumulated balance of loss;

        (ii) deferred revenue expenditure; and

        (iii) other intangible assets; and

      (b) further reduced by the amounts representing-

        (1) investments of such institution in shares of-

          (i) its subsidiaries;

          (ii) compaines in the same group;

          (iii)all other housing finance institutions which are companies; and

        (2) the book value of debentures, bonds, outstanding loans and advances (including hire-purchase and lease finance) made to, and deposits with,-

          (i) subsidiaries of such company; and

          (ii) companies in the same group, to the extent such amount exceeds ten per cent. of (a) above;

    (II) "subsidiaries" and "companies in the same group" shall have the same meanings assigned to them in the Companies Act, 1956.
Requirement of registration and net owned fund.

1 Inserted by Act No. 15 of 2000, sec. 13 (w.e.f. 12th June, 2000).
Maintenance of percentage of assets.  
    29B. (1) Every housing finance institution shall invest and continue to invest in India in unencumbered approved securities, valued at a price not exceeding the current market price of such securities, an amount which, at the close of business on any day, shall not be less than five per cent. or such higher percentage not exceeding twenty-five per cent. as the National Housing Bank may, from time to time and by notification, specify, of the deposits outstanding at the close of business on the last working day of the second preceding quarter.

    (2) Every housing finance institution shall maintain in India in an account with a scheduled bank in term deposits or certificate of deposits (free of charge or lien) or in deposits with the National Housing Bank or by way of subscription to the bonds issued by the National Housing Bank, or partly in such account or in such deposit or partly by way of such subscription, a sum which, at the close of business on any day, together with the investment made under sub-section (1) shall not be less than ten per cent. or such higher percentage not exceeding twenty-five per cent., as the National Housing Bank may, from time to time and by notification specify, of the deposits outstanding in the books of the housing finance institution at the close of business on the last working day of the second preceding quarter.

    (3) For the purpose of ensuring compliance with the provisions of this section, the National Housing Bank may require every such housing finance institution to furnish a return to it in such form, in such a manner and for such period as may be specified by the National Housing Bank.

    (4) If the amount invested by a housing finance institution at the close of business on any day is less than the rate specified under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), such housing finance institution shall be liable to pay to the National Housing Bank, in respect of such shortfall, a penal interest at a rate of three per cent. per annum above the bank rate on such amount by which the amount actually maintained or invested falls short of the specified percentage, and where the shortfall continues in the subsequent quarters, the rate of penal interest shall be five per cent. per annum above the bank rate on such shortfall for each subsequent quarter.

    (5) (a) The penal interest payable under sub-section (4) shall be payable within a period of fourteen days from the date on which a notice issued by the National Housing Bank demanding payment of the same is served on the housing finance institution and, in the event of a failure of the housing finance institution to pay the same within such period, may be levied by a direction of the principal civil court having jurisdiction in the area where an office of the defaulting housing finance institution is situated and such direction shall be made only upon and application made in this behalf to the court by the National Housing Bank; and